Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN) Practice Exam

Which of the following best describes onychomycosis?

1. Infection around the nail base

2. Fungal infection of the nail characterized by discolored, thickened nails

3. Atrophy leading to thinner nails

4. Encroachment of nail plate into nail groove

The correct answer is: Fungal infection of the nail characterized by discolored, thickened nails

Onychomycosis is primarily defined as a fungal infection of the nails. It typically presents with discolored, thickened, and often brittle nails, which may also become distorted in shape. This condition can affect both the fingernails and toenails and is one of the most common nail disorders caused by various types of fungi, including dermatophytes, yeasts, and non-dermatophyte molds. The discolored appearance often manifests as yellow or white streaks, and the thickening of nails can result from the buildup of debris underneath the nail plate due to the infectious process. The other options describe different conditions related to nails. An infection around the nail base is indicative of paronychia, while atrophy leading to thinner nails points to changes associated with conditions like lichen planus or other dermatologic issues. Encroachment of the nail plate into the nail groove describes ingrown toenails, which are distinct from onychomycosis. Each of these conditions has its unique characteristics and treatments, making it clear why the fungal infection described in the correct answer is the most accurate representation of onychomycosis.