Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN) Practice Exam

What is a primary factor that increases the risk for perfusion/oxygenation problems?

1. Prolonged pressure

2. Pulmonary disease

3. Vascular disease

4. Anemia

The correct answer is: Prolonged pressure

Prolonged pressure is a primary factor that increases the risk for perfusion and oxygenation problems because it can impede blood flow to tissues. When pressure is continuously applied to a specific area of the body, particularly over bony prominences, it can compress blood vessels and obstruct the flow of oxygenated blood. This compression reduces the delivery of vital nutrients and oxygen to tissues and can lead to ischemia, tissue injury, and ultimately, necrosis if the pressure is not relieved in a timely manner. While pulmonary disease, vascular disease, and anemia can also contribute to issues with oxygenation and perfusion, prolonged pressure is a direct and immediate mechanical factor that affects local blood circulation. This makes it particularly critical to manage in settings such as wound care, where pressure injuries can develop quickly. Understanding the implications of prolonged pressure helps nursing professionals implement effective prevention strategies, ensuring better patient outcomes.